Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Article review - Essay Example ut strategic remedies, deep enough in scope not only to address the symptoms of basic problems, but those that help address keys issues at stake (O’Kane & Cunningham, 2013). From the article ‘Leadership Changes and Approaches During Company Turnaround’ by O’Kane and Cunningham, it is discernible that it is easy, in fact enjoyable to be a â€Å"good† leader in periods of institutional booms, yet complete different set of skills is required in times of crisis. Right in-between the application of the different set of skills is the tactical tradeoff between the long-term mindset with the ability to make and implement difficult decisions within prescribed time limits to prevent further deterioration, depending on the situation of an institution. Basically, leadership, irrespective of the size of an institution is all about the measures put in place to boost team efforts [morale] and more importantly, identifying problems and giving necessary guidance in confronting problems through regular, honest and credible communication. Additionally, clarity of every bit of communication around goals and objectives is an indispensible virtue t hat must be cultivated at all cost. Not a single individual aspire to be a failure. It must be noted, however, that success is worked for, and that without stepping up to the challenge of leadership, success becomes just but a mirage. Whether one likes it or not, responsibility begins with

Changing Roles and Responsibilities of HR Manager in Globalized Essay

Changing Roles and Responsibilities of HR Manager in Globalized Business Environment - Essay Example In order to cope up with such external environmental problems, adoption of globalization has become one of the one of the suitable options for different business organization. However, the proper application of this strategy is not an easy task for the management of the organization as there are a number of different issues related with the handling cross cultural business practices. This expansion of business at international level also enforce the organization to face some critical issues related with its human resource management such as conflicts among its employees, decreased morale and productivity of the employee, lack of proper co-ordination and team work within a culturally diversified team, and so on (Harzing, and Pinnington 2011). In regards to above discussion, the paper aims to find the role of a HR manager in managing and appreciating well diversify workforce render by an organization in existing highly globalized business environment. The paper work is focused on check ing the viability and effectiveness of different HR related perspectives related with cross cultural workforce management in the success and sustainability of the international business of a business organization.... e to liberalization across the world’s economy and increasing usage of advanced information technologies, the international business expansion has become quite preferable strategy undertaken by business organizations for addressing different business related issues. However, adoption of international business expansion strategy has also bring some intensive changes in the human resource related practices and strategies of the organization. Nowadays, the span of HR practices and responsibilities has become quite comprehensive. The main reason behind this trend is the increasing diversity in its workforce (Boone, and Van Den Bosch 1997). When a business organization expands its operations in a new geographical region, it becomes quite essential for them to use the local resources as it helps the management to be acclimatized with new business environment and reduce the total operating cost. In this context, the organization also has to hire human resource from the domestic marke t to undertake a better management and commencement of different business activities. The prime problem faced by the organization in this cross cultural hiring is that the working style, and cultural norms pursued by hired employees from local market is quite different with that pursued by the organization. As there are significant differences between organizational culture and practices followed by the employees, it becomes the prime aspect of HR practices to fill this gap. Due to the differences between what employees do and what the organization wants from them, the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the organization hampers quite intensively. In this regard, it becomes an utmost responsibility of HR department of the organization to manage the internationally diversified work force in

The Negative Effects Of Animated Cartoons

The Negative Effects Of Animated Cartoons What are cartoons? According to Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary (1948), a cartoon is an amusing drawing in a newspaper or magazine, especially one that comments satirically on current events. Also, it defines animated cartoon as a film made by photographing a series of gradually changing drawings, giving an illusion of movement. An animated cartoon is a short, hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn) film for the cinema, television or computer screen, featuring some kind of story or plot (even if it is a very short one) (Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia, 2001). AudioEnglish.net (2000) defines animated cartoon as a film made by photographing a series of cartoon drawings to give the illusion of movement when projected in rapid sequence. Then, Britannica Concise Encyclopaedia (1994) claims that originally, a cartoon was regarded as a full-size drawing used for transferring a design to a painting, tapestry, or other large work. The encyclopaedia also claims that it was in the 19th century that the term acquired its popular meaning of a humorous drawing or parody. Cartoons are not simply animated, sketched or drawn figures as unfamiliar viewers may think, they are comic constructions, ranging from mildly humorous to savagely satirical, based on current happenings and/or peoples lives (Websters Dictionary, 1972). This is where the problem comes in. What are cartoonists making children feel is funny, trivial or even of no consequence? Before the advent of the word cartoon in its modern sense in the 19th century, all sorts of funny and/or awkward drawings were referred to as caricatures. (Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopaedia, 2004) The most famous figure of early times for the world of cartoons is William Hogarth created in 18th-century Britain. Honorà © Daumier, a French man, introduced text to his cartoons to convey their unspoken thoughts in the 19th century. Following this, Britains punch became the leading source of cartoons in the 19th century and then The New Yorker took the lead for the Americans (Britannica Concise Encyclopaedia, 1994). According to Museum Broadcast Communication (2008), cartoons as we know them today generally evolved in the teens, however, their growth was stifled by the fact that for every second of animation, about 25 scenes had to be drawn. This made production tedious and uneconomical. Nonetheless, Earl Hurd revolutionized the insipid industry of the era by designing the cel (a sheet of lucid celluloid) patented with Bray Studios Inc. The cel provided cartoonist with new light; they only needed to redraw the part of the cartoons that moved. Studios also discovered ways to simplify the process of animation by initially departmentalizing the steps of the process of making the cartoons and then using storyboards (little drawings of scenes that represented different sections in the cartoon) to plan cartoons. Thus, something similar to a production line was formed for producing animation, making it much more economical. Furthermore, Jerry G. Butler states that the animated cartoon industry was born with Krazy Kat created by the American George Herriman. This was followed by Pat Sullivan and Otto Mesmers Felix the cat which was the first series of the animated cartoon industry; the majority of the first animated cartoons were adapted from comics, following their earlier popularity with readers. Walt Disney, one of the early producers, was one of the first to use new technologies and devise competent modes of cartoon production. His Steamboat Willie (1928) was the first notable cartoon with harmonized sound and also his Flowers and Trees (1932) was the first to employ the tri-colour, Technicolor procedure which became the industrys primary colour scheme of the time. The major reason for the success of the cartoon industry according to the Museum Broadcast Communication (2008) was an effective distribution system. Before sound was introduced to cartoons, they were produced by smaller studios with restricted theatre access. Later on, major studios such as MGM and Warner signed distribution deals with these smaller studios gaining their distribution rights and greatly increasing the distributing power of these smaller studios. Some major studios even went on to produce their own cartoons, as the standard way of exhibiting films at the time included cartoons. Jerry Butler says that cartoons started emigrating to television around the late 1940s when Van Beuren (a smaller studio) started selling its shows to early programs for children like Movies for small fry. Disney was one of the first major studios to follow this trend posting The Mickey Mouse Club to television. Thereafter, the other major studios joined in. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopaedia (2004) says that concurrent with the vital changes for the film studios, there were also changes in the aesthetics of the cartoons that were made. Hitherto the 1950s, cartoonists in particular those working for Disney strived to achieve naturalistic figures so much so that they transformed dancer Marge Champion into Snow White. However, World War II and post World War II art movements including Pointillism cast off this natural style to nurture an approach that stressed abstract line, shape, and pattern. United Productions of America (UPA) was at the fore front of this revolution, with its first achievement coming with the Mr Magoo series in 1949 followed by its Gerald Mcboing Boing which won an Academy Award in 1951; truly setting this new style into motion. According to Wikipedia, UPAs style featured flat perspectives, imaginary backgrounds and strong primary colours all with limited animation. UPAs cartoons were simply flat in backgrounds of wide fields of colour; squiggles suggesting clouds and trees. Also, Wikipedia says that crucial for the progress of television cartoons, was the limited nature of UPAs creations summarized as, the amount of movement within the frame was greatly reduced, the motions are often repeated. A character chattering his teeth, for example, might contain only two distinct movements which are then repeated without change. Thirdly, limited animation uses less individual frames to embody a movement. Full animation might use 24 discrete frames to represent a movement that takes one second; however, limited animation might cut the number in half. The result is a faintly jerkier movement. Wikipedia noted that UPAs changes in animation which appeared to have been aesthetically inspired, also made good business sense. Flattened perspective, abstract backgrounds, strong primary colours, and limited animation result in cartoons that are cheaper and quicker to produce. When animators began creating programs specifically for television, they quickly adopted UPAs economical practices but did away with their aesthetics in the process. The first successful, designed-for-television cartoon was Jay Ward and Alexander Andersons Crusader Rabbit initially distributed in 1949. Network television cartooning which came along eight years later had its first cartoon series developed by Bill Hanna and Joe Barbera, the most successful producers of television cartoons. The Ruff and Ready Show was the first made-for-TV cartoon to be broadcast nationally on Saturday mornings; its popularity helped to establish the practicality of Saturday morning network programming. Hanna-Barberas The Flintstones (1960) was prime-times first successful cartoon series but also its last until the debut of The Simpsons in 1989. With these first well established cartoons, the characteristics of the made-for-TV cartoons were laid down (Toontracker, 1996). UPA-style aesthetics (especially limited animation) were mixed with narrative structures that were developed in 1950s television making the final trait of the made-for-TV cartoons an emphasis on dialogue as dialogue in the made-for-TV cartoons often re-states that which is occurring visually. In this way, televisions roots in radio are revealed. There is a reliance on sound in, for instance, Tom Jerry cartoons in which there is no dialogue at all, made-for-Television cartoons are often less visually oriented than theatrical cartoons from the golden era. (Museum Broadcast Communication, 2008) Television cartoons in the 1990s were dominated by the phenomenal success of Matt Groenings The Simpsons, which thrived after its series first appearance in 1989. Its success was principally responsible for the creation of the FOX network and the launching of one of the largest merchandising campaigns of the decade. (The Simpsons Bios, 2009). With this history in view, there are various types of cartoons which different sources including Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia (2001) have highlighted, they include: Fine art These types of cartoons were basically blueprints used by artists to transfer their ideas from the canvases to actual pieces. They were used in the production of frescoes and also by weavers to transfer designs to their looms. Tapestry cartoons which were usually coloured, were followed by eye by the weavers on the loom. Print media In the sense as used by print media today, a cartoon is a work of art, typically intended to be funny. This use dates from about 1843 when the Punch applied the term to the sardonic images it contained. Cartoons were initially meant to be ironic, mocking the outrageous events of the time. Print media cartoons can also be further broken down. Gag cartoons or single-panel cartoons, are found in all print media and they are generally made up of a single drawing with a subtitle immediately below or a speech balloon. Editorial cartoons are a type of gag cartoons found mostly in media dealing with news and although they may be humorous, they are more serious in tone parodying recent happenings. Comic strips, also called cartoon strips are found every day in newspapers globally. Usually they are short series of cartoon illustrations in sequence and although humour is the rifest subject matter, adventure and drama are also represented. Motion Picture Due to the close similarities between early animated cartoons and comic strips, cartoon as generally used today refers to motion picture cartoons. This type of cartoons are displayed on television or in cinemas and are created by showing illustrated images in swift succession to give the illusion of motion. They may or may not include synchronized sounds but most modern motion picture cartoons do. In the past few years, it has been noticed that there is an increase in violence and other inappropriate behaviours among children who we expect to be generally peaceful. What do many children today have in common, what do they share that could be the cause of this change in behaviour? The quest for a reason, an answer has led to the main source of entertainment for children today, cartoons (Leonard Erin, Senior Research Scientist at the University Joanne Cantor, 2002). Cartoons have become the favourite past time of most of the worlds children today. Their lives revolve around everything they watch on television or read in comic books and this has been estimated to take up about 4 hours of their day (Mariam, 2009). Normally, children start watching cartoons whilst they are very young and at the age of two or three they would have been converted to ardent apostles. This has become an issue as many problems have been discovered to have roots in watching cartoons (Stevie Hossler, 2004). MENTAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CARTOONS ON CHILDREN By Stevie Hossler (2004) Children spend a total of about 13,000 hours in school from day one till graduation day. This seems like a very long time under which the influences of their teachers can be felt. However, within the same time frame children spend a total of about 18,000 hours watching cartoons. This is more than enough time for cartoons to take their effect on the childrens brains, emotions and sense to feel pain. David Satcher, the United States Surgeon General, stated in a report on adolescent violence (2000) More aggressive behaviour in a young childs life is caused by recurrently watched entertainment that contains violence. The American Psychological Association passed a resolution in February of 1985 due to its research findings, communicating the dangers violence on the television has on children. The major effects proved by their study are: The children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others; children who watch violence do not fear violence nor are they bothered by violence in general. The children are more likely to become aggressive or use harmful actions towards others. When we are born we have the capacity for motivation, experience, and training, and because of this our minds are very impressionable. Therefore, our brains development is an active mix of nature and nurture, so it is important to choose a healthy environment for all children. This means cartoons with violence will be detrimental to a child because in general, being interactive with any environment enhances the development of a successful brain. As a result, a tremendous amount of childhood involvement with electronic media can limit social interaction and may obstruct the development of a brains social systems. However, some cartoons promote creativity in children making them more exposed to information that was once unavailable to people their age. Also, children seem to have become brighter and are more emphatic INCREASED CHILD SAFETY RISKS DUE TO CHILDREN WATCHING CARTOONS BY Brandon Ybarra (2004) Today, very many unrealistic things can be seen in cartoons; surviving gunshots at extremely close range and even coming back from the dead. Unfortunately, parents seem to be happy with these cartoons as they do not promote sex but these sorts of cartoons are not good for children. In many episodes of Pokemon for example, brawls can be seen between the Pokemon and in the incident of the death of any of the pocket monsters they are simply reborn, they can never die. Teaching children this is relatively unhealthy as they are young and inquisitive and may not know the full implications of death. It is understood that growing children admire and most often imitate their cartoon heroes even to the extent of trying to fly like Superman or climb walls like Spiderman. Unfortunately, this is not just a cut when talking about injuries to children. VISUAL SUBLIMINAL MESSAGING IN CHILDRENS CARTOONS BY Chris Choma, (2004) Cartoons are packed with many contentious matters which are not consciously noticed but do have an effect on the subconscious minds. This is called subliminal messaging. It is defined by the American Heritage Dictionary as, Below the threshold of conscious perception; inadequate to produce conscious awareness but able to evoke a response (AHD, 1352). It means therefore that broadcasters are brainwashing people and more significantly children. Unfortunately, this act is not yet illegal but it is widely frowned at. The use of subliminal messaging has greatly reduced due to advances in technology which enable viewers to scrutinize what they are watching frame by frame. Although subliminal messaging seems to have reduced, no one can be certain as only those who put these messages there are supposed to know that they are there. AUDITORY SUBLIMINAL MESSAGING IN CHILDRENS CARTOONS BY Shawnte Ray (2004) The delivery of auditory information to parts of the mind without an individuals actual perception is called auditory subliminal messaging. A classic example is a statement made by Meowth in an episode of Pokemon which was aired on Monday, October 11th, 2004 at 4:00 p.m. He said, If thats the Democratic way, I am voting Republican. Children are exposed to auditory subliminal messages which are quite common in popular cartoons. Their effects may never be discovered as they will become part of the childrens lives. CARTOONS EFFECTS ON CHILDRENS BEHAVIOR BY Ben Wikox (2004) Organizations such as the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry have discovered from research that children who watch cartoons in which violence is incorporated are more likely to employ violence in real life. They insist that parents should screen the cartoons their children watch and also parents should act as interpreters when necessary, telling the children violence is not the best course of action. The American Academy of Paediatrics states, Neuroscientists have shown that external experiences notably mould a young brain and following this they have discovered that a higher rate of cartoon viewing can be linked to lower academic achievements, particularly comprehension scores. Their humorous nature stifles the development of the left hemisphere of the brain which dominates our use of language. Television is a very quick medium, with messages shot at the viewers like lightening bolts. The minds of children have therefore adapted to obtaining such high speed information and therefore tend to refute slower forms of gaining information or thorough reading as in day to day schooling. TELEVISIONS EFFECT ON THE BRAIN AND EYES After watching an episode of Pokemon which was aired in December 1997, many children across the globe were reported to have suffered seizures (Warner, 2004) It has been agreed on by eye specialist that watching television under right conditions does not cause any harm to the brain or the eyes, however, doing so in inappropriate conditions; in a dark room closer than five feet, will lead to eye fatigue and as scientific evidence also corroborates, brain damage (Adams, 1992). A study which was carried out by the Childrens Hospital and Regional Medical Centre of Seattle, Washington made known that children who watch three to four hours of cartoons daily have a 30 to 40 percent higher possibility of developing attention deficit disorder than children who did not watch cartoons (Todays Chiropractic, 2004). From the foregoing, it can be suggested that though cartoons have some advantages to their viewers, their disadvantages out weigh those advantages, thus, this research hopes to prove that the seemingly harmless cartoons children are exposed to and/or allowed to watch have some adverse effects on their behaviours and at the same time create an awareness of the dangers of cartoons to our communities and have these dangers checked so as to prevent an aggravation of what seems at present to be a harmless situation.

A Citizen of New York City :: Journalism Media Studies Influenza Health Essays

A Citizen of New York City I am proud to be a citizen of New York City. I am especially proud in this time of war, when so many of our brothers, sons, nephews, and friends are off fighting for this fine country of ours. It is saddening to see the countless obituaries of not only those killed in the war, but also of those whose lives have been taken [by] this epidemic that seems to have an insatiable hunger for human lives. I, along with numerous of my fellow citizens, have become more and more distraught to see the amount of death and destruction that has entered this fine city along with the war and this epidemic of influenza, both of which have created a dark cloud that casts a constant shadow over us all. It is frightening to see those you know and love become sick and die so very quickly, sometimes without any warning at all. Those of us that are still alive, wake up every morning and face each new day wondering whether or not we are going to live through the day. After all, there have been nearly 40 0,000 that have died in the last three months, and who knows how many of those people woke up thinking they were going to live long lives. In a time such is this, one would hope to be able to turn to those that are most trusted in the field of medicine: our family doctors, health commissioners, even the surgeon general. I find that quite the contrary is taking place. Just the other day I read an article whose title perfectly describes my concern: "Health Officers Split on Influenza Scourge: American Public Health Association Unable to Agree on Prevention or Cure." The American Public Health Association, above all, should be the first to come to calm [the] public with some kind of prevention, if not a cure. But it is obvious that this is not the case. In fact, they are not even able to come up with a plan to combat this influenza bug. If they do not even have a plan, how were they able to claim different epidemics required separate treatments? Why should the citizens of this city believe this statement, coming from people who have not been able to come up with even one treatment, never mind the separate treatments they claim are required?

Food Intake Analysis Essay

Yesterday morning is when I started my food intake analysis by writing down what I ate for the whole day an then go back to my work at night to figure out which foods I ate belonged to what food group. I entered my information to the BMI calculator and heres what my results are Based on the height and weight entered, the BMI is 18.6 , placing the BMI-for-age at the 31st percentile for boys aged 14 years 10 months. This teen has a healthy weight. Eating healthy foods Participating in physical activity on most (preferably all) days of the week Limiting television viewing I don’t even have cable so I don’t watch television, I BMX and play basket ball very often and I kept the eating healthy foods part in the back of my mind that day. For breakfast I ate one bowl of cereal and one cup of strawberries (6). The cereal is in the grains group and strawberries are in the fruits group. Later in the day I drank a small Blueberry Pomegranate smoothie from McDonalds which had fourteen ounces in it and belonged to the fruits group. I also bought a salad an that was part of the vegetables group,meats and beans group, the grains group and also the dairy group. For dinner I had one half of a steak which is in the means and beans group an had seven ounces in it. I also had one egg which is in the dairy group, one medium sized piece of fried doe which belongs to the grains group and one cup of milk. I think I did good eating, I dont see where I would try to make a better decision during that day besides maybe the smoothie from McDonalds but its a smoothie because they claim to use real fruit when they make them.

Due Dates and Instructions for Course Assignments Essay

JAN 12 AUTOBIOGRAPHY- You are required to post this assignment in the Autobiography section giving us some background about yourself, where you grew up, the family you grew up in, where you live, interests and hobbies, and anything else you would like us to know about you, your chosen major, your goals, etc. If you have any digital photo(s) of yourself you may feel free to attach it as well. Please include a few thoughts about why you are taking this course, what you hope to learn, and how you think you can apply it to your life. This assignment is graded on your ability to accurately present yourself to the rest of the class and how well you convey your initial thoughts about the study of sociology and this course. Please keep in mind that this assignment is worth an entire letter grade. It is worth the same amount of points as your mid-term paper! So, please put the appropriate time and thought into it. It should be a bare minimum of 350 words. It needs to be typed directly into th e Discussions section (or copied and pasted) but links to documents are not allowed. Other students and I should be able to read your post without opening an attachment. JAN 19-APR 20 WEEKLY CHAPTER QUIZZES- There will be one exam for each chapter for a total of 24 exams. Each exam will have 20 questions or less with an assigned point value for each question totaling 20 points. Due dates for each chapter quiz can be found in course syllabus and on the course calendar. There will usually be 2 chapter quizzes per week. WEEKLY CHAPTER DISCUSSION POSTINGS- There will be a discussion posting for each chapter, 24 total. Some weeks will cover only one chapter but most will cover two chapters. Due dates for each chapter discussion posting can be found in the course syllabus and in the course calendar. Each chapter discussion posting will be worth a maximum of 5 points (3 for original post  and 2 for response post). Full credit of 120 points will be awarded based on the student’s responses to instructor questions (3 or more) and responses to classmates’ postings (1 or more) for each chapter’s discussion. Your answers must reflect that you have read the corresponding chapters. In order for other students to have adequate opportunity to respond to your posts, your original posting must be posted prior to 9:00 pm on the due date. Your response posts can be posted until the close of the discussion at 11:59 pm. Original postings posted after 9:00 pm will be docked 1 pt. You will have one week to complete the discussion postings. Late postings will not be accepted. MAR 2 CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL PROBLEM REPORT The purpose of this assignment is to help you define and understand what constitutes a social problem. You will research a social problem that you consider important so that you can develop a sociological perspective of the issues facing the world that we live in. You can choose a problem in your local community, in the nation, or a more global issue that affects everyone. As you perform your research for this assignment please make sure that you allow enough time and sources to fully understand what you are writing about before you start. You will write critically about the problem that you select which requires a careful evaluation of the questions to be answered as they relate to the problem. Using more than one research source will enhance your sociological perspective of the problem. This will also make you better able to look at how the problem originated and examine what can be done about it. The final question requires that you attempt to come up with solutions to the problem based on what you have learned through your research. Resources such as daily newspapers, weekly news magazines, or regularly published journals will help you to research your social problem. Be sure that you do not simply summarize an article without a critical evaluation of what was written. In your paper you will address the following questions: 1.Why is this problem considered a social problem? 2.When, how, and where did the problem begin? 3.What other social problems are related to this problem? 4.What groups are affected by the problem? 5.Who is hurt by it? 6.Who benefits (or stands to gain) from the problem? 7.How does it affect you personally? 8.What can be done and by whom, to alleviate the problem? Your report should be clear, brief, and concise, with a minimum of 2 pages and a maximum of 3 pages. Use 12 point font and double space this assignment. You can list the questions and answer them individually or you may write the report in a narrative form. You are required to find and use a minimum of 2 scholarly references (a scholarly reference does NOT include newspapers, magazines, etc. A scholarly reference is bona fide research from a credible source, ie., Pub Med., published research from an accredited University, etc.) for this assignment and paper should be written in APA format. A grading rubric for this assignment is included in the assignment dropbox. The assignment should be submitted in the course assignment dropbox prior to the final due date. APR 28 FINAL ASSIGNMENT- This assignment is designed to effectively assess what the student has learned in the course. Students will demonstrate their comprehension of course material by applying sociological concepts, terminologies, and perspectives to any type of contemporary topic or cultural dimension. The topic for this sociological perspective may come from a book, a periodical article, a television program, movie, news program, cultural event, or observation. The paper should be well thought out and the application of sociological concepts, terminologies and perspectives to the chosen topic should be accurate and well defined. Choose a topic that allows you to apply as many sociological terms and concepts as possible. This assignment is expected to be a minimum of 3 pages with a maximum of 4 pages. Use 12 point font and double spacing for this assignment. At least one scholarly reference should be cited in order to give depth and substance to this assignment. Paper should be written in APA style. Grading will be based on your ability to clearly display in writing your understanding of the basic concepts of sociology and your ability to formulate and exhibit a societal perspective that utilizes the sociological imagination. A grading rubric for this assignment is available in the  assignment dropbox. The assignment should be submitted in the course assignment dropbox prior to the final due date.

Biology Term Paper

Biology Term Paper Biology Term Paper Biology Term Paper Writing Tips Ideas Biology term paper is a rather responsible task as it greatly influences your future grade for the whole course of Biology. That is why you have to treat it with all the seriousness if you do not want to spoil the grade for the course of biology. This article will help you in succeeding while your biology term paper writing. Use the tips you are going to be offered and you will certainly win a success with your professor. Useful Points To Consider Thus, here are the following tips for you, which will help you a lot while writing:Never leave your biology term paper until the last day, as you will fail to present your biology term paper ideas in time. Start writing it as soon as you get the assignment in order to write a well-researched biology term paper without being in a hurry. Choose the specification, which you are going to deal with during your biology term paper writing, however, do not choose a filed of Biology which is not fami liar to you or it will be too difficult for you to cope with the task. Try to find as many sources of information for your biology term paper writing as it is only possible, the more information you are going to present in your biology term paper the higher grade you are going to receive for your research. Create your own opinion at the subject under consideration and prove in your biology term paper that this very opinion is worth to exist. Make the list of references in order not to be blamed in plagiarism while using someone others points of view in your biology term paper. Follow the existing biology term paper format, which is as follows: introduction, body, and conclusion.Excellent Biology Term Paper Writing Requires Efforts Any kind of term paper demands a lot of efforts and hard working from the students. Besides, it demands a lot of free time. If the student does not possess enough free time in order to write biology term paper, he or he will never be able to write a full-fledged work, which is going to win the highest grade to its writer. If you do not have enough spare time to spend it for biology term paper writing, better do not start writing your biology term paper at all. If you do not want to endanger your grade and reputation as a result just because of not having enough time, appeal to our custom essay writing service and order biology term paper, which will bring you A+ grade.

veitnamess essays

veitnamess essays To many people, the name Vietnam means only one thing, a painful war in the 1960s and 1970s in which the American and South Vietnam soldiers fought against South Vietnamese rebels and North Vietnam. But the country of Vietnam is more then just its troubled past. It is a beautiful land, with rugged mountains, tumbling rivers, tropical beaches and lush fields of brilliant green rice. Vietnam has an ancient culture, rich with poets, scholars, artists, legends, and brave heroes. Most importantly, the Vietnamese are hard-working people, determined to survive and rebuild their country. Vietnams culture reaches back to Viet people who settled in northern Vietnam over two thousand years ago. Although many of todays customs and traditions are uniquely Vietnamese, several important features of the culture came from other places. The Chinese ruled Vietnam for hundreds of years and had great influence on its culture. The Vietnamese started following Chinese religions and used Chinese writhing symbols and medical practices. Through trade India also influence Vietnamese society. French rulers brought the European beliefs and customs. And during the war between the North and the South Vietnam, Americans also introduced their way of life to the Vietnamese. The official name for Vietnam is The Socialist Republic of Vietnam; witch consists of 40 provinces and three municipalities. Vietnam is a communist Country. The judicial system in Vietnam is based on the French Civil Code but modified to fit the Communist legal theory. Vietnams economy is predominantly agriculture. Rice cultivation alone accounts for 45% of the Gross National Product and 72% of the labour force. Vietnam has 71 million people (1995) and 85% are Vietnamese, only 2% of the population are Chinese. There are 60 different ethnic groups that make up the rest of Vietnams population. Vietnam is among the most densely populated country in the worl...

Battle of Cold Harbor - Civil War

Battle of Cold Harbor - Civil War Battle of Cold Harbor - Conflict Dates: The Battle of Cold Harbor was fought May 31-June 12, 1864, and was part of the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders: Union Lieutenant General Ulysses S. GrantMajor General George G. Meade108,000 men Confederate General Robert E. Lee62,000 men Battle of Cold Harbor - Background: Pressing on with his Overland Campaign after confrontations at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, and North Anna, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant again moved around Confederate General Robert E. Lees right in an effort to capture Richmond. Crossing the Pamunkey River, Grants men fought skirmishes at Haws Shop, Totopotomoy Creek, and Old Church. Pushing his cavalry forward towards the crossroads at Old Cold Harbor, Grant also ordered Major General William Baldy Smiths XVIII Corps to move from Bermuda Hundred to join the main army. Recently reinforced, Lee anticipated Grants designs on Old Cold Harbor and dispatched cavalry under Brigadier Generals Matthew Butler and Fitzhugh Lee to the scene. Arriving they encountered elements of Major General Philip H. Sheridans cavalry corps. As the two forces skirmished on May 31, Lee sent Major General Robert Hokes division as well as Major General Richard Andersons First Corps to Old Cold Harbor. Around 4:00 PM, Union cavalry under Brigadier General Alfred Torbert and David Gregg succeeded in driving the Confederates from the crossroads. Battle of Cold Harbor - Early Fighting: As the Confederate infantry began arrive late in the day, Sheridan, concerned about his advanced position, withdrew back towards Old Church. Wishing to exploit the advantage gained at Old Cold Harbor, Grant ordered Major General Horatio Wrights VI Corps to the area from Totopotomoy Creek and ordered Sheridan to hold the crossroads at all costs. Moving back to Old Cold Harbor around 1:00 AM on June 1, Sheridans horsemen were able to reoccupy their old position as the Confederates had failed to notice their early withdrawal. In an effort to re-take the crossroads, Lee ordered Anderson and Hoke to attack the Union lines early on June 1. Anderson failed to relay this order to Hoke and the resulting attack consisted only of First Corps troops. Moving forward, troops from Kershaws Brigade led the assault and were met with savage fire from Brigadier General Wesley Merritts entrenched cavalry. Using seven-shot Spencer carbines, Merritts men quickly beat back the Confederates. Around 9:00 AM, the lead elements of Wrights corps began arriving on the field and moved into the cavalrys lines. Battle of Cold Harbor - Union Movements: Though Grant had wished IV Corps to attack immediately, it was exhausted from marching most of the night and Wright elected to delay until Smiths men arrived. Reaching Old Cold Harbor in early afternoon, XVIII Corps began entrenching on Wrights right as the cavalry retired east. Around 6:30 PM, with minimal scouting of the Confederate lines, both corps moved to the attack. Storming forward over unfamiliar ground they were met by heavy fire from Anderson and Hokes men. Though a gap in the Confederate line was found, it was quickly closed by Anderson and the Union troops were forced to retire to their lines. While the assault had failed, Grants chief subordinate, Major General George G. Meade, commander of the Army of the Potomac, believed an attack the next day could be successful if enough force was brought against the Confederate line. To achieve this, Major General Winfield S. Hancocks II Corps was shifted from Totopotomoy and placed on Wrights left. Once Hancock was in position, Meade intended to move forward with three corps before Lee could prepare substancial defenses. Arriving early on June 2, II Corp was tired from their march and Grant agreed to delay the attack until 5:00 PM to allow them to rest. Battle of Cold Harobr - Regrettable Assaults: The assault was again delayed that afternoon until 4:30 AM on June 3. In planning for the attack, both Grant and Meade failed to issue specific instructions for the assaults target and trusted their corps commanders to reconnoiter the ground on their own. Though unhappy at the lack of direction from above, the Union corps commanders failed to take the initiative by scouting their lines of advance. For those in the ranks who had survived frontal assaults at Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania, a degree of fatalism took hold and many pinned paper containing their name to their uniforms to aid in identifying their body. While Union forces delayed on June 2, Lees engineers and troops were busy constructing an elaborate system of fortifications containing pre-ranged artillery, converging fields of fire, and various obstacles. To support the assault, Major General Ambrose Burnsides IX Corps and Major General Gouverneur K. Warrens V Corps were formed at the north end of the field with orders to attack Lieutenant General Jubal Earlys corps on Lees left. Moving forward through the early morning fog, XVIII, VI, and II Corps quickly encountered heavy fire from the Confederate lines. Attacking, Smiths men were channeled into two ravines where they were cut down in large numbers halting their advance. In the center, Wrights men, still bloodied from June 1, were quickly pinned down and made little effort to renew the attack. The only success came on Hancocks front where troops from Major General Francis Barlows division succeeded in breaking through the Confederate lines. Recognizing the danger, the breach was quickly sealed by the Confederates who then proceeded to throw back the Union attackers. In the north, Burnside launched a sizable attack on Early, but halted to regroup after mistakenly thinking he had shattered the enemy lines. As the assault was failing, Grant and Meade pressed their commanders to push forward with little success. By 12:30 PM, Grant conceded that the assault had failed and Union troops began digging in until they could withdraw under the cover of darkness. Battle of Cold Harbor - Aftermath: In the fighting, Grants army had sustained 1,844 killed, 9,077 wounded, and 1,816 captured/missing. For Lee, the losses were a relatively light 83 killed, 3,380 wounded, and 1,132 captured/missing. Lees final major victory, Cold Harbor led to an increase in anti-war sentiment in the North and criticisms of Grants leadership. With the failure of the assault, Grant remained in place at Cold Harbor until June 12 when he moved the army away and succeeded in crossing the James River. Of the battle, Grant stated in his memoirs: I have always regretted that the last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made. I might say the same thing of the assault of the 22d of May, 1863, at Vicksburg. At Cold Harbor no advantage whatever was gained to compensate for the heavy loss we sustained.

EKON Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EKON - Essay Example Looking at the demand or need of any certain product can bring innovation. EKON has been lucky enough to find a need for chairs that cater the customers with back problems and also those customers who require sympathetic chairs. With need we even have to see the target market of our new products, apply marketing mixes and assess whether the product would be successful or not. This report would brief us on things to consider before launching the new products. Ekon will first have to research on the products that they plan to launch by the help of marketing research process. Through this process we will systematically design, collect, analyze and report on data and findings relevant to our launching of the two new products. We can even outsource this process or form our own marketing research team. The marketing research process takes place in six steps: (see reference list for the source). 1. Define the problem and research objectives: marketing management will inform the research team about the two products being launched, but the management will have to be careful not to define the problem too broadly or narrowly. With the problem defining, decision alternatives and research objectives will have to be made clear. The team would be covering the customers falling under the backache problems or in need of sympathetic chairs. Now what kinds of things do the customers want in the prescribed form of chairs would be found after the process ends. 2. Develop the research plan: after we make clear objectives of our research the team will have to come up with the most efficient plan to gather the information needed. Like data sources (primary and secondary data), research instruments (questionnaires, surveys, behavioral data and experimental research). The EKON team will have to see the feasibility and available budget before forming the plan. The retrieval of data from any source may vary in terms of cost. EKON plans to

Womem and men and media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Womem and men and media - Essay Example dorned with words like â€Å"Take It Off,† â€Å"Let’s Get A Room,† and â€Å"I Get Around.† I find these messages very tasteless and a huge deviation from what should be fed to a 15-year old girl. The manner in which you are exploiting media messaging vulnerability of teenagers is quite appalling. Most parents are worried about the possible impact these vulgar messages on teenage girls because your company is appealing for teenage girls to sexualize at tender age and sway boys to explore girls’ sexuality at inappropriate age. This is dangerous to the existence of a moral society. Hyper-sexualization and self-objectification are currently taking a toll on national health with many women losing self-esteem over their own bodies. Even though I am a loyal customer to the company, I will use social media platforms to discourage my family, friends and "friends of friends," colleagues and the entire the entire world from buying your PINK underwear if no c hanges are made. I expect the company should do more on making women feel empowered rather than sexualizing, objectifying and throwing their intimacy into mockery. I therefore expect your company to make necessary changes and stop perverting young

School Board Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School Board Policies - Essay Example While schools should not appear to be fortresses, some sort of perimeter security might have alerted school officials. Finally, the matter of internal campus security is impacted by these events. While teachers and students acted very bravely to prevent loss of life, there was no â€Å"lock-down† procedure in place. What follows is a section on proactive planning for a violent emergency, and one about attenuating the possibility of such an occurrence through counseling or anonymous reporting schemes. In terms of policy actions, all of this is good; but none of it would have prevented the Red Lake incident. A crisis document that included a lockdown procedure might have saved some lives; and a policy of mentoring or other intervention in the lives of youth who exhibit anti-social behavior at school might have made an impact on Jeff Wise. At the school board policy level, however, there is a severe limitation when an individual decides to arm himself, crash onto campus in a police vehicle, and start shooting. The question for the writers of policy will be the balance between security and freedom. If we put a military-style, guarded perimeter around schools that are festooned with security personnel and no privacy at all for the students, the probability of another school shooting incident will certainly go down. The cost of that assurance will be high, however, as our children learn to fear everything and everybody.

Special education and collaboration Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Special education and collaboration - Coursework Example Another component is the interaction process, which takes an interaction from the beginning to the end. Here there are such processes as problem solving and responding to conflict and resistance, which requires effective communication skills (Friend & Cook, 2009). Another component is a set of programs and services. These provide the baseline for the collaborative activities to take place. In these services, there are interactive processes that are meant to design and deliver student services takes place. The last component in the collaborative process is context. This is the surrounding where the collaborative processes take place. According to me, the most difficult component to implement is communication skills. This is mainly because of the diversities in cultural backgrounds that you come across when you meet different colleagues and parents. In this case, disagreements can easily come along since some people tend to be ethnocentric. For example, the student to be assisted may be living with grandparents, who may be illiterate, and can only communicate in their mother tongue. As a teacher, or any other team member, it will really need you to have the knowledge of that particular language, or else there will be no communication progress. The problem-solving process entails sequential procedures that have to be followed in order to come out with good results. The first step is to analyze the problem-solving context. Here, you examine the conditions related to the possibility of the problem-solving process to succeed. You also come up with ideas on what might happen if the problem is not solved. The next step is to identify the problem. In this case, you explore all data that can give information concerning the problem, having your main goal in mind (Friend & Cook, 2009). The next step is to find out if the amount of resources needed in addressing the problem in question. Here you can conduct some form of estimations and approximations. You will have

Application of Enginerring Principles Coursework

Application of Enginerring Principles - Coursework Example Due to centrifugal force, clean mud overflows, and the waste particles (together with some amount of fluid) enters the mesh through the bottom outlet of the hydrocyclone. The vibrating mesh further sieves the unwanted particles out, leaving only the pure mud suspension to pass through it. Hence pure mud suspension is obtained. The efficiency of the mud cleaner and the range of sizes of the waste particles that may be sieved out, depends on many factors like cone angle, diameter of the inlet, diameter of overflow pipe, diameter of the bottom outlet of hydrocyclone, the fineness of the mesh, vibration characteristics of the mesh, viscosity and density of the fluid, density and size of the waste particles etc. b) The three components where angular motion is involved are: hydrocyclone, pump, drill pipe. Hydrocyclone Here, the centrifugal force that is a characteristic of a system having angular motion is utilized to separate coarser and finer suspended particles. In hydrocyclones, viscou s forces are also produced by the angular motion. Because of the difference in densities of the suspended waste particles and the fluid, there will be difference in the centrifugal forces each of these subjected to. This difference in the centrifugal force is responsible for the separation of coarser waste particles and finer (required) particles that are suspended in the fluid. ... ncing has to be done properly, bearings have to be selected properly, lubrication should be taken care of, centrifugal forces (and centrifugal stresses) should be considered while designing the components, blade reactions have to be considered for pumps. Drill pipe Many a times drill pipes rotate and the rotation is greatly responsible for the cutting. But sometimes, even when the rotation of the drill pipe is not the main force behind drilling, a slight rotation of the drilling pipe is necessary for a successful drilling. As with any rotating components (which have angular motion), balancing has to be considered while designing drilling pipes. In addition, buckling should also be taken note of. c) Velocity distribution in a drill pipe during the first stage is given by (cm/s) (1) Differentiating (1); The acceleration, (2) (i) When acceleration is minimum, Hence, from (2), (3) Solving (3), When acceleration is minimum, Hence, Hence, (ii) Assuming that the acceleration is proportional to the velocity during the whole period; Final velocity in a further 35 second = Final velocity after (20 + 35) second = Final velocity after 55 second = (12%/20)*55 = 33% increase in the velocity (iii) To get the displacement profile for the first stage, integrating (1); Displacement (4) where c is a constant The displacement profile is a fourth order polynomial during the first stage. The displacement profile may be obtained by plotting (4) using MATLAB. The profile looks similar to Figure 2. Figure 2. Displacement Profile for the First Stage To get the velocity profile for the second stage, acceleration proportional to velocity during the whole period of the second stage implies that the velocity variation during this stage is exponential. The profile looks similar to Figure 3. Figure

Obsessive compulsive disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Obsessive compulsive disorder - Research Paper Example In many cases it’s onset begins in childhood at about the age of ten. It is thought to be two or three times more common than schizophrenia or manic depression. The Amercian Academy of Family Physicians (2006) describes Obsessive Compulsive Disorder as â€Å"an illness that causes people to have unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and to repeat certain behaviors (compulsions) over and over again†. They point out that although everyone has daily routines and habits for people with OCD the patterns of behavior get in the way of their daily lives. Thurkington (2009) describes OCD in the Encyclopedia of Medicine as a type of anxiety disorder. She defines Anxiety Disorder as â€Å"the experience of prolonged, excessive worry about circumstances in ones life†. OCD she explains is characterized by â€Å"distressing repetitive thoughts, impulses or images that are intense, frightening, absurd, or unusual. These thoughts are followed by ritualized actions that are usually biz arre and irrational†. The ritual actions are the compulsions and are thought to help to reduce the anxiety caused by the obsessive thoughts. People with OCD usually have both obsession and compulsion but there are occasionally people with only one. OCD can be accompanied by other anxiety disorders such as eating disorders or depression. A person with OCD can have ideas, images and impulses going through his mind repeatedly and not be able to control them. These obsessive thoughts make the person anxious and scared and they keep trying to get rid of these feelings by performing certain behaviors. These then become compulsive behaviors. The American Family of Physicians (2006) lists some of the common obsessive feelings and the common compulsive behaviors. Among the most common obsessions are the fear of dirt or germs, disgust with bodily waste, fear of harming someone, obsession with order and exactness and need for

Application of Enginerring Principles Coursework

Application of Enginerring Principles - Coursework Example Due to centrifugal force, clean mud overflows, and the waste particles (together with some amount of fluid) enters the mesh through the bottom outlet of the hydrocyclone. The vibrating mesh further sieves the unwanted particles out, leaving only the pure mud suspension to pass through it. Hence pure mud suspension is obtained. The efficiency of the mud cleaner and the range of sizes of the waste particles that may be sieved out, depends on many factors like cone angle, diameter of the inlet, diameter of overflow pipe, diameter of the bottom outlet of hydrocyclone, the fineness of the mesh, vibration characteristics of the mesh, viscosity and density of the fluid, density and size of the waste particles etc. b) The three components where angular motion is involved are: hydrocyclone, pump, drill pipe. Hydrocyclone Here, the centrifugal force that is a characteristic of a system having angular motion is utilized to separate coarser and finer suspended particles. In hydrocyclones, viscou s forces are also produced by the angular motion. Because of the difference in densities of the suspended waste particles and the fluid, there will be difference in the centrifugal forces each of these subjected to. This difference in the centrifugal force is responsible for the separation of coarser waste particles and finer (required) particles that are suspended in the fluid. ... ncing has to be done properly, bearings have to be selected properly, lubrication should be taken care of, centrifugal forces (and centrifugal stresses) should be considered while designing the components, blade reactions have to be considered for pumps. Drill pipe Many a times drill pipes rotate and the rotation is greatly responsible for the cutting. But sometimes, even when the rotation of the drill pipe is not the main force behind drilling, a slight rotation of the drilling pipe is necessary for a successful drilling. As with any rotating components (which have angular motion), balancing has to be considered while designing drilling pipes. In addition, buckling should also be taken note of. c) Velocity distribution in a drill pipe during the first stage is given by (cm/s) (1) Differentiating (1); The acceleration, (2) (i) When acceleration is minimum, Hence, from (2), (3) Solving (3), When acceleration is minimum, Hence, Hence, (ii) Assuming that the acceleration is proportional to the velocity during the whole period; Final velocity in a further 35 second = Final velocity after (20 + 35) second = Final velocity after 55 second = (12%/20)*55 = 33% increase in the velocity (iii) To get the displacement profile for the first stage, integrating (1); Displacement (4) where c is a constant The displacement profile is a fourth order polynomial during the first stage. The displacement profile may be obtained by plotting (4) using MATLAB. The profile looks similar to Figure 2. Figure 2. Displacement Profile for the First Stage To get the velocity profile for the second stage, acceleration proportional to velocity during the whole period of the second stage implies that the velocity variation during this stage is exponential. The profile looks similar to Figure 3. Figure

Online bidding Essay Example for Free

Online bidding Essay E-bay means you can search for items on the internet through its search tool bar. To access E-bay you go on www. ebay. co. uk here you can search for items you may want or need using the search tool bar and typing in key words. This will then bring up matching items that other people have put on e-bay to sell. From here you can view prices, details on the items and many have images for you to view the product. If you have found something you would like to bid for you put in your bid. When the time period for that item on sale ends, usually one week the person that has put in the highest bid for it gets it for that amount. However the seller can put on a reserve, if the reserve is not met the seller does not have to sell. Payments can be made by credit card or by sending a cheque in the post. Pay pal is the most popular way of paying for goods as it is well protected and secure. Goods are then posted or shipped out to the highest bidder. It is open to the whole world and you can therefore purchase things from other countries like China or America. You can purchase anything from kids toys to cars on eBay. One of the things that more and more people are buying on ebay is holidays. Some advantages of using online auctioning are; firstly you can shop on the internet from the comfort of your own home. This is a lot more relaxing, saves energy and time having to go in and out of shops. Another is that on ebay you can search for virtually anything and find what you need for example if you want to buy a perfume, a new handbag and look around for a new car you can look for all of these on one site. If you were to go out looking for these if would mean a lot of walking and travelling as there is not a shop that does al these. Another advantage of shopping on ebay is that you get special online prices; prices on ebay are usually a lot cheaper than in shops. Ebay alerts are useful as it emails you if your bids have been successful or if they have been out bid. Disadvantages of using online auctioning are; credit card fraud. One of the main things that put people of bidding for items online is that credit card fraud is a risk they will have to take, as there are many hackers out their who can brake the best security codes. Another disadvantage is that you have to keep checking the status of your bid because some one may have out bid you and you will then not get the product unless you out bid them. You also have to wait for what you have bought. Firstly you have to wait for the payment to go through which may take a few days and then you have to wait for it in the mail, depending on how far you have ordered from and the conditions arranged with the seller you cloud wait a very long time or a really short time for your products. Another disadvantage is that you do not know who the seller is and although the auctioning company will have their details people can still get away with fraud by taking payments and not sending anything out. Also faulty items can be a pain, if you product is not working properly or at all you have to send the goods back to the seller and then claim money back. This can turn into a very long process and can lead to court if it turns into disputes as the seller can claim it was working and refuse to refund. I think the target audience for online auctioning is for older people from about the age of 20 and upwards to about age 45. I think this because you need a credit card to be able to auction therefore you will need to be over the age of 18. I think male and females will use it, I also think more people without children will use it as you will need time to sit and search, with children this may be difficult. To auction online you will need to register with a credit card. If you do not have a credit card you will not be able to do it. Once register you can bid but also sell your own items.

Consequences Of The First World War History Essay

Consequences Of The First World War History Essay

Gambling :: essays research papers

English attitudes and opinions prevailed in the â€Å"New World†, and created gambling in America. Settlers brought with them the view that gambling was a harmless diversion. In these colonies, gambling was a popular and accepted activity. Legal gambling tended to be those types that were considered gentlemen-like. For example, it took a long time for cock fighting and prize-fighting to become legal because it was not considered a suitable gentlemen’s’ game.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the financial backers of the colonies viewed gambling as a source of the colonies' problems, they began to see it as the solution as well. The Virginia Company of London was permitted by Britain to hold lotteries and raise money for the company's colonial venture. The lotteries were relatively sophisticated and included instant winners. Eventually, Britain banned the lotteries because of complaints from the English back home that felt that they were robbing Britain’s money. Proceeds helped establish some of the nation's earliest and most prestigious universities -- Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Dartmouth, Princeton, and William and Mary. Lottery funds were also used to build churches and libraries. Among the lotteries was a private lottery passed by Congress in 1823 for the beautification of Washington D.C. Unfortunately, the organizers run off with the proceeds and the winner was never paid.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lotteries were not the only form of gambling during this era; wagering on horse racing was a popular form of gambling. Unsurprisingly, it was not quite as organized as modern horse racing. The first racetrack in North America was built on Long Island in 1665.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Casino gaming started slowly. Taverns and roadhouses would allow dice and card games. The relatively sparse population was a barrier to establishing gaming houses, but as the population increased, by the early 1800s, lavish casinos were established in the young republic. During the 1830's, the actions of the professional gamblers came under growing scrutiny and southern settlers turned against the professional gambler.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The anti-lottery forces fought against lotteries and prevailed. In 1833 Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts put an end to state authorized lotteries. By 1840, most states had banned lotteries. By 1860, only Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky still allowed state-authorized lotteries. Nevertheless, the tickets of these few states were shipped around the country by mail or smugglers. The prohibition also led to the creation of illegal lotteries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The gold rush brought a huge increase in the amount and types of gambling to California; San Francisco replaced New Orleans as the center for gambling in the United States.

Career Education in Many Forms :: Emplyoment School Essays

Career Education in Many Forms Official federal support for career education began in 1974; although funding intensity has varied over the subsequent 20 plus years, career education continues to receive emphasis in the nation's schools. The most recent programs included under the umbrella of "career education" are titled "school-to-work" and "tech prep," programs that are receiving generous federal appropriations for 1996-97 (Hoyt 1996). School-to-work programs, which include tech prep programs, are characterized by their focus on bridging the gap between school and work. They draw upon education and business collaboration, and partnerships between education and other parts of society. They are designed to provide "school-based learning, work-based learning, and activities to connect the two" (Wickwire 1995, p. 7); in this way, they engage the community in the career education and development of youth. The coordinated support network promoted in school-to-work programs is "linked to school and relies on parents, mentors, employers, youth advocates, and social service agencies to assist youth" (Rochester City School District 1994, p. 1). Involvement of Community Businesses Whether through school-to-work or tech prep programs, businesses are increasingly approached for active involvement in the educational community. As they recognize the growing need for technically, academically, and socially prepared workers, businesses are becoming more and more enthusiastic in their desire to collaborate with schools to provide up-to-date education and training for the students who will be their future workers. Tech prep programs capitalize on the employers' need for qualified workers by drawing employers into the identification of skills necessary for employment in their industries--thus establishing benchmarks for education and skill achievement. Most partnerships between schools and businesses focus on the delivery and development of academic and vocational skills (which include skills for employability). Such collaborative efforts can help students develop relevant skills for the workplace through revised up-to-date curriculum, youth apprenticeships, and mentor ing experiences. Youth apprenticeships afford another avenue by which community businesses become involved in the career education and development of youth. Apprenticeships require a partnership between "educators--secondary and postsecondary--and business people who are willing to provide jobs and worksite learning experiences for young people" (Joyce and Byrne 1995, p. 44). They have the advantage of taking students out of the classroom and exposing them to the rapidly changing work environment, complete with new technologies and new management processes. Involvement of Community Agencies Community agencies, such as the Chamber of Commerce, are also valuable resources for student career development as they afford linkage to community leaders and community-based experiences.

Working in a group Essay

As noted in the lead group’s forum, â€Å"through observation, [Florence Nightingale] collected empirical evidence that supported her environmental theory and used it to develop evidence-based guidelines that other nurses faced with similar circumstances might find useful† (Selanders, 2010). Nightingale, in essence, was a pioneer to evidence-based nursing practice. She focused on the patient’s symptoms and examined possible environmental causes of these symptoms to steer the care given. McCurry, Revell, and Roy (2009) state that â€Å"nursing as a profession has a social mandate to contribute to the good of society through knowledge-based practice† (p. 42). No moves, however, can be made without a vision, or a formulation of what is wanted as the end result. This vision starts the process of producing a thought, or a philosophy; which can advance to a theory. Silva (1977) examines the research process by exploring the relationships among philosophy, science and theory. As a result of this analysis, she suggests that all nursing theory and research derives from our leads, or data, to philosophy. Silva also argues that information gleaned from philosophical introspection and intuition should be valued as much as that provided by scientific experimentation. Silva proposes that philosophical intuition is gained by having a thorough understanding of a subject; it is not simply a belief or idea without evidence. This is supported by advances in other fields, such as mathematics, that rely on reasoning, experience and logic and not solely on observation or experimentation. As a result, philosophical intuition can complement the scientific method and serve as another valid and promising means to obtain nursing knowledge. These steps are all intertwined to form future nursing care. Knowledge is built upon theories, for as Lauden (1984) noted, â€Å"problems constitute the questions of science, but theories constitute the answers† (McCurry et. al 2009, pg. 42). Theories are based on a hypothesis, data and research, as well as formulated models, or in essence paradigms. Whall and Hicks (2002) assert that for the discipline of nursing to maximize its research potential, multiple paradigms should be considered. Recognition of the value of philosophy in nursing is an important first step, after which the choice of how to use philosophical paradigms to frame research efforts can be made. As argued by the authors, the current generation of nursing students is integral in affecting change from a rigid either/or approach to positivist and postmodern influence in research to a more applicable both/and approach. Nursing affords researchers and clinicians the opportunity to appreciate the positivist medical model- A leads to B leads to C- while maintaining that each situation is subject to circumstance, culture, and an endless array of nuances, and these variables must be considered in research. Thus, the most appropriate approach is flexibility and utilization of both positivist and postmodernist philosophies, which will yield the most pertinent scientific results to apply to clinical settings. Experience in clinical settings will then inform philosophical approaches and theory development to facilitate best practice research. Despite the inarguable necessity of implementing well-researched, knowledge-based evidence in clinical practice, these readings suggest the importance of maintaining the holistic approach that defines nursing care throughout the process. References McCurry, M. K., Hunter Revell, S. M., Callista Roy, S. (2009). Knowledge for the good of the individual and society: linking philosophy, disciplinary goals, theory, and practice. Nursing Philosophy, 11(1), 42-52. Selanders, L. C. (2010). The power of the environmental adaptation: Florence Nightingale’s original theory for nursing practice. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 28(1), 81-88. Silva, M. (1977). Philosophy, science, theory: Interrelationships and implications for nursing research. Image, Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 29(3), 210-3. Whall, A.L., & Hicks, F.D. (2002). The unrecognized paradigm shift within nursing: implications, problems, and possibilities. Nursing Outlook, 50(2), 72-6.

Organizational Structure Presentation Annotated Bibliography Essay

An organizational structure defines how activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision are directed towards the achievement of organizational aims. It can also be considered as the viewing glass or perspective through which individuals see their organization and its environment. Organizational Structure Presentation Annotated Bibliography Buchbinder, S.B., & Shanks, N.H. (2012). Introduction to health care management (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. In Organizational Behavior and Management Thinking is the overview of organizational behavior in health care. It identify how perceptions, thinking, mental models, and other thinking patterns play out in organizational life. It help managers with communication, problem solving, and decision making solely relying on the managers training. Employees are key to an organization’s success, how well the manager interacts and works with a variety of individuals is key to a manager’s success. A manager who is skilled in organizational behavior will be able to work effectively with employees and colleagues across the organization, assisting and influencing them to support and achieve organization goals. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, Promoting Quality: The Health-Care Organization from a Management Perspective. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/568115_4 Total quality management projects have traditionally existed within hospital management administrative teams, while clinical care was a guarded realm of healthcare professionals. In an organizational and management structures that support the design and implementation of quality-improvement initiatives and create mechanisms for accountability for quality of care. Healthcare organizations are constantly evolution, so organizational design should be considered a  variable and evolving tool for improving organizational performance. Healthcare delivery system in the 20th century are adopting a functional model based functional area various clinical departments, nursing, laboratory services that has a manager that reports to higher management levels and eventually to the hospital’s chief executive officer. Doucette, C. (2014). Internal and External Factors that Affect an Organization. In Small Business Chronicle. Retrieved August 1, 2015, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/internal-external-factors-affect-organization-16641.html The article explain how the structure is an internal factor that impacts your organization on an everyday basis. Improving the internal and external factors effects the culture of your organization by using interpersonal relationships, providing training materials, newsletters, philosophical statements and policies will help you employees to strive to achieve their goals. The author show how the lack of effective communication among the internal and external department can hinder the growth of your organization. She explain that your stockholder, investor, and consumer are affected when lack of communication impacts your organization image and possibly putting your organization out of business. Being that she is owns and operate a small business give insight on how to keep your from failing. Pizzini, W. (2002). The role of management control systems in health care organizations. Business Administration, Accounting Health Sciences, Health Care Management. Retrieved August 1, 2015, from http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3043938 The efficacy of management control systems (MCS) in containing health care organizations’ costs with healthcare cost on a steady rise it is necessary. From the standpoint of the organization financial mangers the ultimate goal is the decrease the cost while still maintaining quality care the patients while implementing Total Quality Management (TQM) programs and/or new cost systems. As financial managers you are held responsible to upper management to achieve financial targets that contribute to the overall profitability of the corporation. Neira, M. (n.d.). Preventing disease through healthy environments. World Health Organization. Retrieved August 1, 2015, from http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/prevdisexecsume.pdf?ua=1

Financial Ratios and Stock Return Predictability

The results indicate that DY and EY ratios has direct positive association with stock return where as B/M ratio has significant negative relationship with stock return. Therefore we can say that the above mentioned ratios are able to predict stock returns, furthermore it can be seen that as compare to dividend yield and earning yield the ratio of book to market has the highest predictive power. Moreover when we combine these financial ratios the predictability of stock returns will enhance. Keywords: Financial ratios, Stock return, Karachi Stock Exchange, Dividend Yield, Earning Yield. 1.Introduction Stock Market plays a very significant role in the economic growth of a country. According to A. Schrimpf (2010) there is significant economic aftermath of the existence of stock return predictability. S. Kheradyar et al, (2011), â€Å"The Analytics of Economic Time Series†, states that in stocks market share prices move randomly i. e. on certain day share prices are like to go dow n as they were like to up. Such random behavior worried some of the financial economists and followed by further research. Hence such random movement of share prices lead to a hypothesis called Random Walk Hypothesis.Random walk hypothesis suggest that it is difficult to predict share prices because stock prices evolved, now it will be showing upward trend but after some time such might be showing downward trend. Hence predicting 100% accuracy of stock return is almost impossible. In contrast to Random Walk Behavior is efficient market hypothesis. According to efficient market hypothesis share prices are fairly priced in the stock market or prices of stock demonstrates information in the market is widely and equally available to all and no one in the market can outperform or can beat the market.With the passage of time researchers tries to find out most accurate variables for predicting stock prices, some were tend towards financial and some were towards profitability ratios i. e. b ook to market ratio, price to earnings ratio, 1 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 10, 2012 www. iiste. org dividend yield, etc some were tend towards cash flow ratios like price to cash flow ratio, cash burn ratio, etc and some focused on macroeconomic variable like interest rate, law and order situation and inflation rate etc.In this research article we have investigated 3 above mentioned ratios to determine whether they predict stock returns. This research study has used the stock return and the above mentioned financial ratios association at two samples as the foundation for the formulation of Eight hypotheses. On the grounds of their appropriate regression models the eight hypotheses are divided into two sets. In this study we have used the two models of simple and multiple regressions to apply Predictive regression; it is an important tool for predicting stock returns. A set of panal data is used for the formulat ion of these two models.For tackling the problem of heteroskedasticity and non-normality distributed residuals, we applied generalized least squares method. 2. Literature Review Campbell and Shiller (1988) stated in their study that as dividend yield has the ability to confine expected return and expectation about growth in dividend yield so dividend yield is good predictor of stock return. Chan, L. Hamao, Y. Yakonishok, J. (1991), found that in Japanese market fundamental variables like dividend yield, price to earnings ratio, book to market ratio and firm’s size have significant impact on expected earning/returns of stocks.They notify that there is indirect relationship between earning yield and stocks returns in Japan. In comparison of the size of the firm and earning yield, B/M and dividend yield (cash flow yield) are significantly related with returns of stocks. They further added that an important variable both economically and statistically is book to market ratio and this need to be observe because either the afterward half of the sample is judged or for the first time test is applied the book to market ratio shows it continuation. Mukerji, S. Dhatt, M. Kim, Y. 1997), on Korean Stock market for a period of 1982-1992 establish a direct relationship between return of stocks and D/E, S/P and B/M, moreover an indirect relationship between size of firm and return of stocks. They demonstrated that P/E ratio is less trustworthy indicator than B/M and S/P. Beta is a week proxy for assessment of risk when compare with debt to equity ratio. B/M and S/P are responsible for the direct relationship between return of stocks and debt to equity. However a P/E and B/M ratio becomes the base for indirect relationship between return of stocks and size of the firm.Kothari and Shanken (1997) found for US market that dividend yield and book to market ratios have dependable proof for expected real return over a period 1926-1991, and there lies a track of time series v ariations. Pontiff and Schall (1998) stated that as for predicting power is concerned book to market ratio has some predictability power for predicting stock returns. Lewellen (2002) conducted his study in US he found that predictability power of dividend yield for predicting stock returns is more than P/E and B/M ratios.Ang, A. , and Bekaert, G. , (2006), in their studies tried to forecast interest rate and stock returns with the help of predictive power of dividend yield. They found for short term forecasting, dividend yield predictive power is more than the long term forecasting. But as for the expected growth of cash flow prediction is concerned than dividend yield is a good predictive variable. Akyol, A. (2006), â€Å"analyzed the effect of firm’s size, beta, and book-to-market value on the stock returns in Istanbul stock exchange.He used data from July 1993 to December 2005 for Istanbul Stock Exchange and used Fama and French (1992) methodology to construct portfolios represented accurately by size-beta and then size-book-to-market, he found that book to market and Beta of a firms have no effect on the stock return’s in Istanbul stock exchange. Size of the firm was the only variable which was negatively related to the stock returns in Istanbul stock exchange. He also found that book to market, size and beta is not related with January effects. Hjalmarsson, E. (2004), in his study tried to find out Global stock returns predictability.He took twenty thousand monthly observation form forty international stock markets. In which 24 were of developed economy and 16 were of developing economy. However his study showed that dividend yield and price to earnings ratio has little power of predictability and defends his conclusion by adding that international result is showing deviation from traditional view because the method use internationally may not count for determination of variables. 2. 1 Hypotheses H1: return of stock and DY has no associatio n in time (t) and (t-1) respectively in sample one.H2 return of stock and EY has no association in time (t) and (t-1) respectively in sample one. H3: return of stock and B/M has no association in time (t) and (t-1) respectively in sample one. H4: return of stock and DY has no association in time (t) and (t-1) respectively in sample two. H5: return of stock and EY has no association in time (t) and (t-1) respectively in sample two. H6: return of stock and B/M has no association in time (t) and (t-1) respectively in sample two. 2 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online)Vol 3, No 10, 2012 ww. iiste. org H7: return of stock and DY, EY, B/M combination has no association in time (t) and (t-1) respectively in sample one. H8: return of stock and DY, EY, B/M combination has no association in time (t) and (t-1) respectively in sample two. 3. Research Methodology In order to check predictability power of earning yield, dividend yield and book t o market ratios for predicting stock returns the study has taken a sample of 100 firms for a period of 2005-2011. We have applied certain screening criteria’s for companies to be included in the sample.First, the firm must be listed on the KSE before Jan 1st 2005. 2nd, for more than twelve months a stock must not be deferred. 3rd, for the study period of seven years a company stock must not be delisted. 4th, data must be available for all sample firms and variables. Finally, for a period of more than twelve months the dividend yield of firms must not be zero. The study has divided the selected firms into two equal samples, which will reduce the effects of random sampling errors and for the predictive regression two samples produce different estimation.The study is based on secondary data, which is collected from, â€Å"State Bank of Pakistan†, company’s annual reports, business recorder and from â€Å"Karachi stock exchange†. Following S. Kheradyar et al, (2011) this study includes stock returns as dependent variable while dividend yield, earning yield and B/M ratios has been taken as independent variables. 4. Measurement of Variables 4. 1 Stock Return Following Lewellen (2001) and S. Kheradyar et al, (2011) we have used stock return as dependent variable.Stock return is measured by dividing capital gain along with dividend per share on market price per share. Following is the formula for stock returns. SRi = DPs + capital gain/market price 4. 2 Book to Market Ratio For finding value of company by comparison of market value of a share to its book value, study tends towards book to market ratio. For finding book value of a firm the study divide equity of a firm by its total number of outstanding shares. As for market price is concerned study tend towards the ongoing price of share in stock market.If a firm offer high return and having high book value than its market value, the firm is riskier and in future returns of stock will be lo wered than today. The following formula is used for calculating book to market value: B/M = Book Value per share Market value per share Lewellen (2001) states that as compare to P/E ratio B/M has higher predictive power for predicting stock return. But when study compare B/M ratio with dividend yield than dividend yield is good forecaster than B/M ratio. 4. 3 Dividend yield Following S.Kheradyar et al, (2011) second independent variable in this study is Dividend yield which is calculated as dividing dividend per share on market price per share. If market price is lower than dividend yield will be higher and give a riskier signal for investment. Contrast to higher dividend yield is low dividend yield; such happen when market price per share is higher than dividend yield and gives an optimistic view for investment.The following formula demonstrates how to calculate dividend yield: Dividend Yield (%) = (Dividend per Share / Market rate per share) x 100 4. Earning Yield The empirical li teratures lay foundations of the predictive power of earning yield on stock return, and find out the association between earning yield and stock return is considerable, because earning yield plays as a risk factor in relation with stock return. Moreover, the earning yield can demonstrate the efficiency of market that has an important role in emerging markets, thus this study uses earning yield as the empirical predictor of stock return. Following S. Kheradyar et al, (2011) we have measured earning yield as earning per share divided by price of share. 5.Regression Model In this research article we have investigated three financial ratios EY, DY and B/M to determine whether they predict stock returns. This research study has used the stock return and the above mentioned financial ratios association at 3 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 10, 2012 www. iiste. org two samples as the foundation for the formulation of Eight hypotheses. On the grounds of their appropriate regression models the eight hypotheses are divided into two sets.In this study we have used the two models of simple nd multiple regressions to apply Predictive regression; it is an important tool for predicting stock returns. A set of panal data is used for the formulation of these two models. For tackling the problem of heteroskedasticity and non-normality distributed residuals, we applied generalized least squares method. Following S. Kheradyar et al, (2011) we have used panal models to formulate predictive regressions. Hence we have used simple regression model to test the first 6 hypothesis which are formulated on the basis of association between each financial ratio and future stock returns.The simple regression model has the following form: SR it = ß0 + ßi Xi (t-1) + eit Where, SR it= in time period t, the return of ith stock, ß0= the estimated constant, ßi= ith stock predictable coefficient, Xi (t-1) = in period t-1 financial ratios of the ith stock, eit = error term. Similarly following S. Kheradyar et al, (2011) we have used multiple regression model to test the other two hypotheses H7 and H8, these two hypotheses are formulated on the basis of relationship between combined financial ratios and future stock returns.The model has the following form: SR it = ß0 + ßi1 DYi (t-1) + ßi2 EYi (t-1) + ßi3 B/Mi (t-1) + eit Where, SR it= in time period t, the return of ith stock, ß0= the estimated constant, ßi1= for DY the Ith stock predictable coefficient, ßi2= for EY the Ith stock predictable coefficient, ßi3= for B/M the Ith stock predictable coefficient, DYi (t-1) = is ith stock DY factor in period of time t-1, EYi (t-1) = EY factor of ith stock in period of time t-1, B/Mi (t-1) = B/M factor of ith stock in t-1 time period, eit = error terms. 6.Results and Discussion For the first 6 hypothesis the predictive regression results are summarized in Table 1. The coefficient of di vidend yield in Table 1 demonstrates a positive relationship of dividend yield in period (t-1) and stock returns in period (t) in both samples that is when dividend yield increases by one unit it will cause an increase of 0. 021 and 0. 010 units in stock returns of two samples respectively. As for the p-value of coefficient of Dividend yield is concerned it is 0. 016 in sample one which is less than 0. 5, so the relationship is statistically significant and the null hypothesis H1 is rejected, however in sample two the association is insignificant so hypothesis H4 cannot be rejected.The coefficient of earning yield in Table 1 demonstrates a positive relationship of earning yield in period (t-1) and stock returns at period (t) that is when earning yield increases by one unit it will cause an increase of 0. 013 and 0. 008 units in stock returns in the two samples respectively. As for the p-value of coefficient of earning yield is concerned it is 0. 19 and 0. 010 in the two samples resp ectively which is less than 0. 05, so the relationship is statistically significant, therefore we will reject hypothesis H2 and H5. The negative coefficient of Book to market value in table 1 notifies an inverse relationship of B/M and stock returns in both samples that is if B/M ratio increasing the stock return will be decreasing and vice versa. The p-value of coefficient of B/M value 0. 000 indicates that the relationship is statistically significant in both samples, so hypothesis H3 and H6 have been rejected.S. Kheradyar et al, (2011) found that DY has negative influence on stock return, and a positive association between EY and stock return. He also found a positive impact of B/M on stock return in (2) (1) 4 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 10, 2012 www. iiste. org sample 2 but a negative one in sample 1. It can also be noticed by looking at the adjusted R-square that B/M has the highest predictive power, and th is result is also supported by S. Kheradyar et al, (2011). Insert Table 1 Here) Now we will test to see whether stock return predictive power increases with the combination of EY, BM and DY. We will reject H7 and H8 because it can be seen in Table 2 that the predictive regressions are statistically significant. Thus we can say that stock return can be predicted by the combination of EY, BM and DY. Also we can say that as compare to the other two ratios, the variations of the ratio of book to market has greater impact on stock return, because in both samples it has the highest coefficient.Similarly by looking at the adjusted R-square we can say that in the two samples stock return predictive power increases when the combination of EY, BM and DY increases. (Insert Table 2 Here) 6. Conclusion Literature regarding predictability of stock returns has changed over the last 20 years. With evolution researchers and economists separated price to earnings ratio, dividend yield, inflation, and book to market ratio, beta, industry returns, interest rate, and size of firms from amongst other variables which were considered important for predicting return of stocks.Presently strong evidences are present regarding variables for predicting stock returns. Analysis showed that financial ratios have significant power of predictability for forecasting returns of stock and they predict future stock return of Pakistani market, and B/M has higher predictive power as compare to other ratios. Similarly the predictability of stock return is enhanced by the combination of financial ratios. References A. Schrimpf, (2010). International Stock Return Predictability under Model Uncertainty. Journal of International Money and Finance, 29: 1256-1282. S. Kheradyar, I. Ibrahim, and F.Mat Nor, (2011). Stock Return Predictability with Financial Ratios. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Fiance, 2(5): 391-396. J. Y. Campbell, and R. J. Shiller, (1988). Stock Prices, Earnings and Expecte d Dividends. Journal of Finance, 43(3): 661-676. Chan, L. Hamao, Y. Lakonishok, J. (1991). Fundamental and Stock Returns in Japan. The Journal of Finance, 17391764. Mukerji, S. Dhatt, M. Kim, Y. , (1997). A Fundamental Analysis of Korean Stock. Financial Analyst Journal, 53: 7580 Kothari, S. P. , Jay A. Shanken, (1997). Book-to-Market, Dividend Yield and Expected Market Returns: A TimeSeries Analysis.Journal of Financial Economics 44: 169-203. J. Pontiff, and L. Schall, (1998). Book-to-Market Ratios as Predictors of Market Returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 49: 141–160. Lewellen, J. , (2002). Predicting Returns with Financial Ratio. National Bureau of Economics Research, MIT working paper no. 4374-02 Ang, A. and Bekeart, G. , (2006). Stock Returns Predictability. The Review of Financial Study, 651-707. E. F. Fama and K. French, (1992). The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns. Journal of Finance, 47: 427-465 Lewellen, J. , (2001). Predicting Returns with Financial Ra tios. Journal of Financial Economic, 209-235.

Business Models and Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Models and Planning - Essay Example Segmented into personal and business travelers. Also segmented into personal and business travelers. Segmented into business travelers unlike the two. Channels Different channels are used to acquire customers. They are online ads, PR and word of mouth. Channels used to acquire customers are through different advertising campaigns in social media, ads and media houses. Uses advertising channels and word of mouth to attract customers. Customer relationship Two type of customers, owners and renters. And the relationship with both is of utmost importance (Daidj, 2015). A strong customer relationship who are renters. They offer various deals to their customers. Revenue streams. Generated through commissions from renters and commissions from owners. Generated through intelligent capital investment. Revenue stream is personal from the owner. Value proposition The core value involves possessing an asset which has not been fully utilized and enabling owners to make from it. To provide â€Å" a clean, comfortable room for the lowest price of any national chain† Provide products which are in accordance to customer specifications or dates. Key activities Their key activities includes marketing, developing products and community management of home owners.

Behaving ethically can lead to higher profits for a company Essay

Behaving ethically can lead to higher profits for a company - Essay Example Companies have different programs to expand their brand popularity. Joyner highlights an example of Toms, a renowned shoe company, as among the businesses that embrace ethics in their operations (1). According to Joyner, business that embrace social responsibility have started to favor the â€Å"buy one, give one† strategy. For every pair sold by Toms, it gives a pair. The company donates the pair to children in developing regions such as Malawi, Haiti, or Peru. By 2014, Toms had donated nearly ten million pairs of shoes and currently experiences massive sale volumes for its shoe brands. Remarkably, donations have served to expand Toms’ shoe brand dominance in the market because customers buy with the urge to help the needy. Besides having high quality shoe brands, Toms’ selling strategy has contributed to its market expansion. Particularly, it enjoys high sales among the youths. It sells brands that are highly appealing to teenagers. That justifies its strong br and and high sales. Among the vital responsibilities of every business that embraces ethical operations is to ensure employees receive decent salaries and work in safe conditions. Employees are critical to business’ success and should be subject to safe working conditions. An example of unethical business is the case of Rana plaza that collapsed in Bangladesh, resulting in the death of 1137 people. By 2014, April 24 nearly 250 people were mission since the incidence that occurred on April 24, 2013, a year on (Institute for Global Labor and Human Rights, 2014). The Rana Plaza factory collapse accident has been termed a fatal and deadliest disaster. The case represents poor working conditions in which employees are exposed to eminent danger. Furthermore, the employees lack proper insurance cover. That represents unethical business operations. According to the report by the Institute for Global Labor and Human Rights (1),